What is computer
WHAT IS COMPUTER
1. Write the full form of Computer.
|
COMPUTER |
Commonly
Operated Machine Particularly Used in Technical and Educational Research |
|
COMPUTER |
Completely
Obedient Machine Provided User Types Everything Right |
2. What is a personal computer?
A computer is
a machine that can handle and manipulate data in accordance with the
instructions, and is also able to generate visible results on a screen or monitor.
Different computer do different kinds of work, a small computer that has been
designed to be used by one person, at home or in an office. It is often simply
called a PC.
3. What is Computer? Who invented
computer?
What is Computer :
Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work with
Information. The term computer is derived from the Latin term ‘computare’, this means
to calculate or programmable
machine. Computer can not do anything without a Program. It
represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits. The Word
'Computer' usually refers to the Center Processor Unit
plus Internal memory.
Charles Babbage is
called the "Grand Father" of the computer. The First mechanical
computer designed by Charles Babbage was called Analytical Engine. It uses
read-only memory in the form of punch cards.
Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes
raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of
set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves
output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical
(arithmetic and logical) calculations.
4.
What is windows?
A window is a separate viewing area
on a computer display screen in a system that allows multiple viewing areas as
part of a graphical user interface ( GUI ). Windows are
managed by a windows manager as part of a windowing system .
5.
Write the step of Start Computer.
Ø First of all, supply the power on Monitor & C.P.U.
Ø Power on C.P.U. (Central Processing Unit).
Ø Then you can saw starting window 2000 / XP/Vista/7.
Ø Wait for a moment.
Ø At that time you can see:-
Ø User Name :- Give the user name as.
Ø Password :- Give the password
Ø Click on Ok or Press Enter Key.
Ø Then, starting or you can saw Desktop screen in your computer.
6.
How to Close or Shut Down / Turn Off your Computer?
Ø First close all running windows programs.
Ø Go to start menu
Ø Click on Shut Down or Turn off Computer.
Ø Then, Computers ask you what do you want to do?
µ Shut down
µ Log off
µ Re-start
µ Stand by
Ø You can choose Shut Down option. &
Ø Click on it
Ø Then, at last the computer will be closed.
7. Write the Block Diagram of Computer
and Explain its Various Components.
A computer can
process data, pictures, sound and graphics. They can solve highly complicated
problems quickly and accurately. A computer as shown in Fig. performs
basically five major computer operations or functions irrespective of their
size and make. These are
1) it accepts data or instructions by way of input,
2) it stores data,
3) it can process data as required by the user,
4) it gives results in the form of output, and
5) it controls all operations inside a computer.
We discuss below each of these Computer operations
Fig : Basic computer
Operations
1. Input: This is
the process of entering data and programs in to the computer system. You should
know that computer is an electronic machine like any other machine which takes
as inputs raw data and performs some processing giving out processed data.
Therefore, the input unit takes data from us to the computer in an organized
manner for processing.
2. Storage: The process of
saving data and instructions permanently is known as storage. Data has to be
fed into the system before the actual processing starts. It is because the
processing speed of Central Processing Unit (CPU) is so fast that the
data has to be provided to CPU with the same speed. Therefore the data is first
stored in the storage unit for faster access and processing. This storage unit
or the primary storage of the computer system is designed to do the above
functionality. It provides space for storing data and instructions.
The storage unit performs the
following major functions:
• All data and instructions are
stored here before and after processing.
• Intermediate results of
processing are also stored here.
3. Processing: The task of
performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called
processing. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from
the storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions
given and the type of data provided. It is then sent back to the storage unit.
4. Output: This is the
process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. Similarly the output produced by the computer after
processing must also be kept somewhere inside the computer before being given
to you in human readable form. Again the output is also stored inside the
computer for further processing.
5. Control: The manner how
instructions are executed and the above operations are performed. Controlling
of all operations like input, processing and output are performed by control
unit. It takes care of step by step processing of all operations inside the
computer.
8. Write the FUNCTIONAL UNITS.
In order to carry out the operations mentioned in the
previous section the computer allocates the task between its various functional
units. The computer system is divided into three separate units for its
operation. They are
1) arithmetic logical unit
2) control unit.
3) central processing unit.
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
Logical Unit
Logical Unit :After
you enter data through the input device it
is stored in the primary storage unit. The actual processing of the data and
instruction are performed by Arithmetic Logical Unit. The major operations
performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic
and comparison. Data is transferred to ALU from storage unit when required.
After processing the output is returned back to storage unit for further
processing or getting stored.
Control
Unit (CU)
The next component of computer is the Control Unit,
which acts like the supervisor seeing that things are done in proper fashion.
Control Unit is responsible for co ordinating various operations
using time signal. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer
programs and instructions are executed. Things like processing of programs
stored in the main memory,
interpretation of the instructions and issuing of signals for other units of
the computer to execute them. It also acts as a switch board operator when
several users access the computer simultaneously. Thereby it coordinates the
activities of computer’s peripheral equipment as they perform the input and
output.
Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
The ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly
known as the central processing unit. You may call CPU as the brain of any
computer system. It is just like brain that takes all major decisions, makes
all sorts of calculations and directs different parts of the computer functions
by activating and controlling the operations.
9. How many types memory define all?
Memory is major part of computers that categories into
several types. Memory is best storage part to the computer users to save
information, programs and etc, The computer memory offer several
kinds of storage media some of them can store data temporarily and some them
can store permanently. Memory consists of instructions and the data saved into
computer through Central Processing Unit (CPU).
Types of Computer Memorys:
Memory is the best essential element of a
computer because computer can’t perform simple tasks. The performance of
computer mainly based on memory and CPU. Memory is internal storage media of
computer that has several names such as majorly categorized into two types,
Main memory and Secondary memory.
1. Primary Memory / Volatile Memory.
2. Secondary Memory / Non Volatile Memory.
1. Primary Memory / Volatile Memory:
Primary Memory also called as volatile memory because
the memory can’t store the data permanently. Primary memory select any part of
memory when user want to save the data in memory but that may not be store permanently
on that location. It also has another name i.e. RAM.
2. Secondary Memory / Non Volatile Memory:
Secondary memory is external and permanent memory that
is useful to store the external storage media such as floppy disk, magnetic
disks, magnetic tapes and etc cache devices. Secondary memory deals with
following types of components.
10. How many types are classified computer?
According to functionality, computers are
classified as:
• Analog
Computer: A computer that
represents numbers by some continuously variable physical quantity, whose
variations mimic the properties of some system being modeled.
• Personal
computer: A personal computer is a computer small and low cost. The term "personal
computer" is used to
describe desktop computers (desktops).
• Workstation: A
terminal or desktop computer in a network. In this context, workstation is just
a generic term for a user's machine (client machine) in contrast to a
"server" or "mainframe."
• Minicomputer: A minicomputer isn't very mini.
At least, not in the way most of us think of mini. You know how big your
personal computer is
and its related family.
• Mainframe: It
refers to the kind of large computer that runs an entire corporation.
•
Supercomputer: Itis the biggest, fastest, and most
expensive computers on earth.
• Microcomputer: Your personal computer is
a microcomputer.
The various generations of
computers an listed below :
(i) First Generation (1946-1954) : In 1946 there
was no 'best' way of storing instructions and data in a computer memory. There were four
competing technologies for providing computer memory: electrostatic storage
tubes, acoustic delay lines (mercury or nickel), magnetic drums (and
disks?), and magnetic core storage.
The digital computes
using electronic valves (Vacuum tubes) are known as first generation
computers. the first 'computer' to use electronic valves (ie. vacuum tubes).
The high cost of vacuum tubes prevented their use for main memory. They
stored information in the form of propagating sound waves.
The vacuum tube consumes a lot of
power. The Vacuum tube was developed by Lee DeForest in 1908. These computers
were large in size and writing programs on them was difficult. Some of the
computers of this generation were:
Limitations of First Generation Computer
Followings are the major drawbacks of First generation
computers.
1. They used valves or vacuum tubes as their
main electronic component.
2. They were large in size, slow in processing and had
less storage capacity.
3. They consumed lots of electricity and
produced lots of heat.
4. Their computing capabilities were limited.
5. They were not so accurate and reliable.
6. They used machine level language for
programming.
7. They were very expensive.
Example: ENIAC, UNIVAC, IBM 650 etc
(ii) Second Generation (1955-1964)
: The second-generation computer used transistors for CPU components
& ferrite cores for main
memory & magnetic
disks for secondary memory. They used high-level languages
such as FORTRAN (1956), ALGOL
(1960) & COBOL (1960 - 1961). I/O processor was included to
control I/O operations.
Around 1955 a device called Transistor replaced the bulky Vacuum
tubes in the first generation computer. Transistors are smaller than Vacuum
tubes and have higher operating speed. They have no filament and require no
heating. Manufacturing cost was also very low. Thus the size of the computer
got reduced considerably.
It is in the second generation that the concept of
Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, programming language and input and
output units were developed. The programming languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN
were developed during this period. Some of the computers of the Second
Generation were
1. IBM 1620: Its size was
smaller as compared to First Generation computers and mostly used for
scientific purpose.
2. IBM 1401: Its size was small
to medium and used for business applications.
3. CDC
3600: Its size was large and is used for scientific
purposes.
Features:
1. Transistors were used instead of Vacuum Tube.
2. Processing speed is faster than First
Generation Computers (Micro Second)
3. Smaller in Size (51 square feet)
4. The input and output devices were faster.
Example: IBM 1400 and 7000 Series, Control Data 3600
etc.
(iii) Third
Generation (1964-1977) : By
the development of a small chip consisting of the capacity of the 300 transistors. These ICs are
popularly known as Chips.
A single IC has many transistors, registers and
capacitors built on a single thin slice of silicon. So it is quite obvious that the size of the
computer got further reduced. Some of the computers developed during this
period were IBM-360, ICL-1900,
IBM-370, and VAX-750. Higher level language such as BASIC (Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction
Code) was developed during this period. Computers of
this generation were small in size, low cost, large memory and processing speed
is very high. Very soon ICs Were replaced by LSI (Large Scale Integration), which
consisted about 100 components. An IC containing about 100 components is called
LSI.
Features:
1. They used Integrated Circuit (IC) chips in place of
the transistors.
2. Semi conductor memory devices were used.
3. The size was greatly reduced, the speed of
processing was high, they were more accurate and reliable.
4. Large Scale Integration (LSI) and Very Large
Scale Integration (VLSI) were also developed.
5. The mini computers were introduced in this
generation.
6. They used high level language for programming.
Example: IBM 360, IBM 370 etc.
(iv) Fourth
Generation : An
IC containing about 100 components is called LSI (Large Scale Integration) and
the one, which has more than 1000 such components, is called as VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration).
It uses large scale Integrated
Circuits (LSIC) built on a single silicon chip called
microprocessors. Due to the development of microprocessor it is possible to
place computer’s central processing
unit (CPU) on single chip. These computers are called
microcomputers. Later very large scale
Integrated Circuits (VLSIC) replaced LSICs. Thus the computer
which was occupying a very large room in earlier days can now be placed on a
table. The personal computer (PC) that
you see in your school is a Fourth Generation Computer Main memory used fast
semiconductors chips up to 4 M bits size. Hard disks were used as secondary
memory. Keyboards, dot matrix printers etc. were developed. OS-such as MS-DOS, UNIX, Apple’s Macintosh were
available. Object oriented language, C++ etc were developed.
Features:
1. They used Microprocessor (VLSI) as their main
switching element.
2. They are also called as micro computers or personal
computers.
3. Their size varies from desktop to laptop or
palmtop.
4. They have very high speed of processing; they
are 100% accurate, reliable, diligent and versatile.
5. They have very large storage capacity.
Example: IBM PC, Apple-Macintosh etc.
(v) Fifth Generation
(1991- continued) : 5th
generation computers use ULSI (Ultra-Large Scale Integration) chips. Millions
of transistors are placed in a single IC in ULSI chips. 64 bit microprocessors
have been developed during this period. Data flow & EPIC architecture of
these processors have been developed. RISC & CISC, both types of designs are used in modern
processors. Memory chips and flash memory up to 1 GB, hard disks up to 600 GB
& optical disks up to 50 GB have been developed. fifth generation digital
computer will be Artificial
intelligence.
11. Keyboard’s special keys
1 Enter :
- To change the paragraph and write the short only
2 Shift:- To
capitalize the 1’st letter of any word and write
opper printed characters
the on every keys
3 Cap lock : - To write any text in
capital letter
4 Tap
:- To move the
cursor position 0.5 “ horizontally.
5 Spacebar: - To separate two
word and two sentences.
6 delete : - To
delete one character right side of the cursor.
7Backspace : - To delete one
character left side of the cursor.
8 Alt :
- For special purpose.
9 Ctrl :
- For special purpose.
10 Other usable keys : - home key ,
end key , page up and page down key etc.
12.
Introduction of the other special keys
Ø ‘ = Tiled
key :
= Colon
Ø !
= Exclamation ,
= Single quote mark ( small)
Ø @ = At the
rate "
= Double quote mark
Ø #=
Hash /
= Slash
Ø $ = Dollar \
= Back slash
Ø % =
Percentage <
= Less then
Ø ^ =
Carat >
= Greater
then
Ø &= Ampersand ;
= Semicolon
Ø | = Cursor or insertion
pointer =
Enter key
or blinking vertical line
Ø ( )= parentheses *
= Asterisk or star mark
Ø = Arrow
keys - =
Dash
Ø | Vertical mark or
pipeline _
= Underscore
13.
Full forms.
Ø PC : PERSONAL
COMPUTER
Ø CPU :
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
Ø OS :
OPERATING SYSTEM
Ø UPS :
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY
Ø RAM :
RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY
Ø ROM :
READ-ONLY MEMORY
Ø LCD : LIQUID
CRYSTAL DISPLAY
Ø LED :
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE
Ø NTFS : NEW TECHNOLOGY
FILE SYSTEM
Ø FAT : FILE
ALLOCATION TABLE
Ø DOC :
DOCUMENT
Ø TXT = TEXT
Ø MS :
MICROSOFT
Ø SD : SECURE
DIGITAL
Ø MMC :
MULTIMEDIA CARD
Ø CD : COMPACT
DISC
Ø DVD :
DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC
Ø BRD – BD :
BLU-RAY DISC
Ø ISO : INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
Ø DB :
DATABASE
Ø IC :
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Ø SYS : SYSTEM
Ø CONFIG :
CONFIGURATION
Ø CTRL :
CONTROL
Ø ALT :
ALTERNATE
Ø ESC : ESCAPE
Ø DEL : DELETE
Ø NUM LOCK :
NUMBER LOCK
Ø FN : FUNCTION
Ø Prnt Scrn :
PRINT SCREEN
Ø SysRq :
SYSTEM REQUEST
Ø ScrLk :
SCROLL LOCK
Ø PgUp : PAGE
UP
Ø PgDn : PAGE
DOWN
Ø Ins : INSERT
Ø WINXP :
WINDOWS XP
Ø WIN7 :
WINDOWS 7
Ø SP : SERVICE
PACK
Ø CMD :
COMMAND
Ø TEMP :
TEMPORARY
Ø WMP :
WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER
Ø MP3 : MOVING
PICTURE EXPERTS GROUP PHASE 3 (MPEG-3)
Ø MPEG :
MOVING PICTURE EXPERTS GROUP PHASE (MPEG)
Ø MPEG 1 :
MOVING PICTURE EXPERTS GROUP PHASE 1 (MPEG-1)
Ø MPEG 2 :
MOVING PICTURE EXPERTS GROUP PHASE 2 (MPEG-2)
Ø JPG : JOINT
PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERTS GROUP
Ø AVI : AUDIO
VIDEO INTERLEAVE
Ø WMV :
WINDOWS MEDIA VIDEO
Ø GIF :
GRAPHICS INTERCHANGE FORMAT
Ø RGB : RED –
GREEN – BLUE
Ø CMYK : CYAN
– MAGENTA – YELLOW – KEY (BLACK)
Ø ACPI :
ADVANCED CONFIGURATION AND POWER INTERFACE
Ø APM :
ADVANCED POWER MANAGEMENT
Ø REGEDIT :
REGISTRY EDITOR
Ø PRO :
PROFESSIONAL
Ø BAT : BATCH
Ø GPEDIT :
GROUP POLICY EDITOR
Ø OSK :
ON-SCREEN KEYBOARD
Ø COM :
COMPONENT OBJECT MODEL
Ø USB :
UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS
Ø IT :
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Ø NET :
INTERNET
Ø IP :
INTERNET PROTOCOL
Ø AP : ACCESS
POINT
Ø DNS : DOMAIN
NAME SYSTEM
Ø HTTP :
HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
Ø HTTPS :
HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL SECURE
Ø HTML :
HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE
Ø PHP :
HYPERTEXT PREPROCESSOR
Ø XML :
EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE
Ø CSS :
CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
Ø ASP : ACTIVE
SERVER PAGES
Ø SQL :
STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
Ø WWW : WORLD
WIDE WEB
Ø .COM :
COMMERCIAL
Ø .NET :
NETWORK
Ø .ORG : ORGANIZATION
Ø .EDU :
EDUCATIONAL
Ø .GOV :
GOVERMENTAL
Ø .INFO :
INFORMATION
Ø .BIZ :
BUSINESS
Ø .BD :
BANGLADESH
Ø .US : UNITED
STATE
Ø .UK : UNITED
KINGDOM
Ø TLD :
TOP-LEVEL DOMAIN
Ø DL :
DOWNLOAD
Ø UL : UPLOAD
Ø PR : PAGE
RANK
Ø SEO : SEARCH
ENGINE OPTIMIZATION
Ø CEO : CHIEF
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Ø E-MAIL :
ELECTRONIC MAIL
Ø SMS : SHORT
MESSAGE SERVICE
Ø MMS :
MULTIMEDIA MESSAGING SERVICE
Ø PW – PASS –
P.CODE – CODE : PASSWORD
Ø AP :
ALERTPAY
Ø MB : MONEYBOOKERS
Ø PP : PAYPAL
Ø LR : LIBERTY
RESERVE
Ø INFO :
INFORMATION
Ø LAN : LOCAL
AREA NETWORK
Ø WLAN :
WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Ø NAT :
NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION
Ø UPDATE :
UP-TO-DATE
Ø IDM :
INTERNET DOWNLOAD MANAGER
Ø DAP : DOWNLOAD
ACCELERATOR PLUS
Ø KB :
KILOBYTE
Ø MB : MEGA
BYTE
Ø GB : GIGA
BYTE
Ø GiB : GIBI
BYTE
Ø TB : TERA
BYTE
Ø TiB : TEBI
BYTE
Ø PB : PETA
BYTE
Ø PiB : PEBI
BYTE
Ø EB : EXA
BYTE
Ø EiB : EXBI
BYTE
Ø ZB : ZETTA
BYTE
Ø ZiB : ZEBI
BYTE
Ø YB : YOTTA
BYTE
Ø YiB : YOBI
BYTE
Ø GOOGLE :
GOOGLE IS NOT AN ABBREVIATION . IT IS DISTORTED FORM OF GOOGOL NUMBER (10 TO
THE POWER OF 100) , THAT IS 1 FOLLOWED BY 100 ZEROS (0) .
Ø YAHOO : YET
ANOTHER HIERARCHICAL OFFICIOUS ORACLE
Ø INTEL :
INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS
Ø HP : HEWLETT
PACKARD
Ø LG : LIFE’S
GOOD
Ø IBM :
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES
Ø IPV4 :
INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 4
Ø IPV6 :
INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6
Ø WI-FI :
WIRELESS FIDELITY
14.
Short and long form
|
ShortForm |
Long
Form |
|
ASCII |
American
Standard Code for Information Interchange |
|
BIOS |
Basic
Input/ Output System |
|
CAD |
Computer-Assisted
Design, or Computer-Aided Drafting |
|
CD |
Compact
Disk |
|
CPU |
Central
Processing Unit |
|
DVD |
Digital
Versatile Disk |
|
DVI |
Digital
Visual Interface |
|
EBCDIC |
Extended
Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code |
|
EEPROM |
Electrically
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory |
|
EPROM |
Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory |
|
FDD |
Floppy
Disk Drive |
|
GUI |
Graphical
User Interface |
|
HDD |
Hard
Disk Drive |
|
HDMI |
High-Definition
Multimedia Interface |
|
HLL |
High-Level
Language |
|
HTML |
Hypertext
Markup Language |
|
HTTP |
Hypertext
Transfer Protocol |
|
I/O |
Input/Output |
|
IP |
Internet
Protocol |
|
IPS |
In-Plane
Switching (or Instructions Per Second) |
|
ISP |
Internet
Service Provider |
|
LAN |
Local
Area Network |
|
LCD |
Liquid-Crystal
Display |
|
LED |
Light-Emitting
Diode |
|
LLL |
Low-Level
Language |
|
MAN |
Metropolitan
Area Network |
|
MIPS |
Millions
of Instructions Per Second |
|
NTP |
Network
Time Protocol |
|
POST |
Power-On
Self-Test |
|
PROM |
Programmable
Read-Only Memory |
|
PSU |
Power
Supply Unit |
|
RAID |
Redundant
Array of Independent Disks (or Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) |
|
RAM |
Random
Access Memory |
|
ROM |
Read-Only
Memory |
|
SMPS |
Switched-Mode
Power Supply |
|
SMS |
Short
Message Service |
|
SMTP |
Simple
Mail Transfer Protocol |
|
SSD |
Solid
State Drive |
|
TCP/IP |
Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol |
|
TN |
Twisted
Nematic |
|
URL |
Uniform
Resource Locator |
|
USB |
Universal
Serial Bus |
|
VDU |
Visual
Display Unit |
|
VGA |
Video
Graphics Array |
|
WAN |
Wide
Area Network |
|
WWW |
World
Wide Web |
|
15. Computer Units |
|
|
|
4
bits |
=
1 nibble |
|
|
8
bits |
=
1 byte |
|
|
1
kilobit per second (kbps) |
=
125 bytes per second (Bps) |
|
|
1
Megabit per second (Mbps) |
=
0.125 megabytes per second (MBps) |
|
|
1024
bytes |
=
1 kilobyte (KB)* |
|
|
1024
kB |
=
1 megabyte (MB)* |
|
|
1024
MB |
=
1 gigabyte (GB)* |
|
|
1024
GB |
=
1 terabyte (TB)* |
|
|
1024
TB |
=
1 petabyte (PB)* |
|
|
1024
PB |
=
1 exabyte (EB)* |
|
|
1024
EB |
=
1 zettabyte (ZB)* |
|
|
1024
ZB |
=
1 yottabyte (YB)* |
|
Ø *In binary computer
nomenclature these prefixes are used for powers of 1024, not powers of 1000.
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
16. What is
CPU? Write down the main functions of its.
A Central Processing Unit, or CPU, is the piece of hardware in a
computer that carries out computer programs by performing arithmetical and
logical operations. The CPU of a modern computer is contained on a single chip called a
microprocessor. Some computers have more than one CPU, a development known as
microprocessing.
The main function of the CPU is processing instructions given to the
computer. This is why the CPU is known as the "brain" of the PC.
Every operation that is carried out, including key strokes, opening and closing
programs, and saving files, is carried out by the CPU. This function is
separated into four functions or steps for every operation: fetch, decode,
execute and store
17.
What is MS-Paint? Write its feature?
Microsoft Paint or 'MS Paint' is a
basic graphics/painting utility that is included in all the Microsoft Windows
versions.
- MS Paint can be used to draw, colour and edit pictures, including
imported pictures from a digital camera for example.
- MS Paint is found in the Windows Start menu within the Accessories
Folder.
- It can save creations in standard formats such as .jpg and .bmp
- Paint can enable ‘painting’ by dragging the mouse and using
different types of artistic brushes or pens that can give for example a
watercolour or oil effect. The paint also ‘runs out’ on certain brushes
after a period of time so that the brush needs to be put back into the
color again, as if it was a real painting brush.
- More recent versions of Paint allow up to three colors to be picked
at a time using the primary color with left mouse click, the secondary
color with right mouse click and the tertiary color with the control key
on the keyboard and any mouse click
- Features included in paint are pencil, brush and airbrush tool. The
ability to add text, lines and shapes. Also included are an eraser,
magnifier, and fill color tools.
- Many complex graphics software applications have concepts that are
included in Microsoft Paint and the same principals can be applied in
these from learning within Microsoft Paint.
18. What is Microsoft
Word? Write its Feature.
Microsoft Word is a widely used commercial word
processor designed by Microsoft. Microsoft Word is a component of the Microsoft
Office suite of productivity software, but can also be purchased as a
stand-alone product.
It was initially launched in 1983 and has since been
revised numerous times. Microsoft Word is available on both Windows and
Macintosh operating systems.
Microsoft Word is often called simply Word or MS Word.
Microsoft Word offers several
features to ease document creation and editing, including:
· WYSIWYG
(what-you-see-is-what-you-get) display: It ensures that everything you see on
screen will appear the same way when printed or moved to another format or
program.
· Spell check: Word comes
with an built-in dictionary for spell checking; misspelled words are marked
with a red squiggly underline. Sometimes, Word auto-corrects an obviously
misspelled word or phrase.
· Text-level features such
as bold, underline, italic and strike-through
· Page-level features such
as indentation, paragraphing and justification
· External support: Word
is compatible with many other programs, the most common being the other members
of the Office suite.
The default file format was .doc
prior to the Microsoft Word 2007 version; in 2007, .docx became the default
file format.
19. What is Microsoft Power
point?
PowerPoint is a complete
presentation graphics package. It gives you everything you need to produce a professional-looking
presentation. PowerPoint offers word processing, outlining, drawing, graphing,
and presentation management tools- all designed to be easy to use and learn.
The following gives you a quick overview of what you can do in PowerPoint:
- When you create a presentation using PowerPoint, the presentation
is made up of a series of slides. The slides that you
create using PowerPoint can also be presented as overhead transparencies
or 35mm slides.
- In addition to slides, you can print audience handouts, outlines,
and speaker's notes.
- You can format all the slides in a presentation using the
powerful Slide Master which will be covered in the
tutorial.
- You can keep your entire presentation in a single file- all your
slides, speaker's notes, and audience handouts.
- You can import what you have created in other Microsoft products,
such as Word and Excel into any of your slides.
20.
What is MS-Excel? Write its feature.
Excel is an Microsoft office
application that is mainly used for making calculations and mathematical works.
- It is a spreadsheet application in which we can add sheets as per
our requirements. In a single sheet, it consists of rows and columns and
cells, where every cell has different address.
- Sum, product, subtraction, division and many mathematical, logical
functions are available within it.
- Other features include tables, charts, clip art and more.
- It is basically used for payroll, accounts, mathematical, and for
other business purposes. See below for details.
Features:
- Hyperlink. We can link one file to another
file or page.
- Clip art. We can add images and
also audio and video clips.
- Charts. With charts, we can
clearly show a product(s) evaluation to a client. For example, you can
display a chart showing which product is selling more or less by month,
week, and so forth.
- Tables. Tables are created with
different fields (e.g. name, age, address, roll number, and so forth). You
can add a table to fill these values.
- Functions. There are both
mathematical functions (add, subtract, divide, multiply), and logical ones
(average, sum, mod, product).
- Images and backgrounds. You
can incorporate images and backgrounds into each sheet.
- Macros. Macros are used for
recording events for future use.
- Database: With the data feature, you can
add any database from other sources to it.
- Sorting and filtering. We can sort and/or filter
our data so that anything redundant or repetitive can be removed more
easily.
- Data validations. This
tool can help you consolidate your data.
- Grouping. The grouping feature
helps you both to group your data and ungroup it so that you have
subtotals and so forth.
- Page layout. Themes, colors, sheets,
margins, size, backgrounds, breaks, print, titles, sheets height, width,
scaling, grids, headings, views, bring to front of font or back alignment,
and many more are available for you to lay out your page.
21. What is the use of
change case option?
· Sentence case – in sentence
case, the first word of each sentence has a capital letter and all other words
are lowercase. For example, the man went home. the house was empty.
empty becomes The man went home. The house was empty. Empty
· Lowercase – if you choose
this option, all letters become lowercase.
· UPPERCASE – if you choose
this option, all letters become uppercase.
· Capitalize Each Word – this option
Capitalizes Each Word In The Selected Text. As Demonstrated Here
· Toggle Case – choosing this
option reverses the case of each letter s
22.
What is the use merge cell?
Merging cells is often used when a
title is to be centered over a particular section of a spreadsheet. When a
group of cells is merged, only the text in the upper-leftmost box is preserved.
23. Write the difference between Microsoft
Excel and Microsoft Word.
Aside from Microsoft Windows, you would
probably need to have another software suite from Microsoft called
Microsoft Office. In
it, the two most commonly used applications are Word and Excel.
Word is word processing application that is used to
write documents like letters or essays where text formatting is very essential
to provide a printable document that can be read very easily. Excel, on the
other hand, is a spreadsheet application where you can input data in tables in
the pattern you choose. From the table, you can deduce or calculate how the
information is related to each other and you can even create graphs to visually
represent the said relationship.
Both applications can create printable documents and
it is therefore possible to use one to simulate the function of the other to
some extent. You can insert tables in a Word document or write whole paragraphs
inside a single Excel cell. But each application has strengths that makes them
well suited to the tasks they perform. The font, paragraph, and page formatting
options of Word makes it easy to create documents that are free flowing and
conversational, which is quite difficult in Excel. A feature of Excel that a
lot of users find to be very convenient is its ability to analyze and compute formulas
and conditional statements. This capability allows users to create pre
formatted documents that only need certain data and derives the rest. This can
be as simple as the sum of all the entered data, taking their average, to even
more complex equations. You would not find this type of capability within Word.
Even though both applications serve
a different purpose, it is often common to see people who use them in tandem to
create their paperwork. Depending on the circumstance, you might need to write
a letter, a table, or maybe a year end report that contains a combination of
both..
1. Word is a word
processing application while Excel is a spreadsheet application
2. You usually use Word in
writing letters or essays while Excel is good for creating documents that has a
lot of data that needs to be presented in table form.
3. You can insert Excel
tables inside a Word document
4. Excel lacks some
advanced formatting abilities that are present in Word
5. You can write custom
equations and formulas in Excel but not in Word
24. What do you mean by E-Mail &
Internet.?
E-mail (electronic mail) is
the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication. (Some
publications spell it email; we prefer the currently more established
spelling of e-mail.) E-mail messages are usually encoded in ASCII text. However, you
can also send non-text files, such as graphic images and sound files, as
attachments sent in binary streams. E-mail
was one of the first uses of the Internet and is still the most popular use. A
large percentage of the total traffic over the Internet is e-mail. E-mail can
also be exchanged between online service provider users and in
networks other than the Internet, both public and private.
The Internet, sometimes called
simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks - a
network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have
permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk
directly to users at other computers). It was conceived by the Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first
known as the ARPANet. The original aim was
to create a network that would allow users of a research computer at one
university to "talk to" research computers at other universities. A
side benefit of ARPANet's design was that, because messages could be routed or
rerouted in more than one direction, the network could continue to function
even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other
disaster.
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